- I can speak extremely fluid (so long as I am not missing relevant words from the topic. Alltags Dialoge kann ich wie ein normal Deutsch sprechen, und viele Menschen erzählen mir, dass meine Aussprache und Flüssigkeit besser sind als die der meisten B2-Prüfungsteilnehmer. I have been told several times my fluency is much higher than my level. One of my biggest challenges was understanding what is allowed and colloquial in German, and what sounds extremely cursed and should be avoided (e.g. “Das Brauchen des Esssens wäre kein Problem.” grammatically correct but not extremely uncolloquial)
- I can read extremely fast anything that is not legal text. Funnily enough this really passed to me passively on the last 2 months, without me particularly putting an effort to it. Goes to show that sometimes rest is all you need.
- My Grammatik is alright. I still make many colloquial speech errors, and need a lot more knowledge of verb-preposition pairs. But all common tense usage is easy (coming from Spanish, I think of every other language having a very simple tense system). I feel the only tense I still struggle building casually is Passiv Perfekt combined with modals “Der Brief hat geschrieben werden müssen” and this is just barely used in colloquial speech.
- Vocabulary: I am here doing quite well too, that is for my level. But I feel as for a B2 level a certain widely-used-vocabulary on many different areas should be known. Not only that, I often find myself uncertain with short trennbare Verbs and Nouns that share a root (Beitrag, beitragen, Vertrag, vertragen). The “nounified” version usually has a twist, and there several ways to “nounify” a verb. Not only that, the prefixes used in building new verbs are not always consistent. Also, sometimes a weird participle is used for existing nouns (e.g. Bezug and Beziehung).
Therefore, I have decided myself to focus more on my Vocabulary; particularly clustering verbs that share a root and different-rooted but similarly sounding. I have written manually a large list of Vocabulary in this way, but I am passing it to my website for further flexibility (I intend to copy these manually until I have them memorized, no easier way to do memorization). As these words are very consensuated language, I am relying on ChatGPT for finding “commonly used verbs” + my own notes, and doublechecking the meaning using https://www.verbformen.com/ or https://www.linguee.de/deutsch-englisch
On a side note I also build quite the Compendium of vocabulary with Anki(https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/1545312567?cb=1748775811019 ), you may want to check it out. It is helpful for testing one-self, but for learning I feel like the clustering I will be doing in this page is more effective (having together nähen, nähern, annähern, ernähern, as an example). Sometimes also verbs have the same root, but their origin is unrelated (erwischen, wischen).
Notes:
- I will be making a distinction(using ⚠️) between derived verbs where the preposition changes the core idea vs where it doesn’t. I will also place them earlier than other. Ver- verbs tend to be a bit unintuitive, so I will list them separately without ⚠️
- I am not listing the noun, where every verb can be turned into a neutral-gender noun meaning “The action of X”(e.g. essen = das Essen).
- Some verbs can be turned into a -ung noun meaning “The action of X”(e.g. lenken = die Lenkung). I will not list the translation for this, only, as it always is the same when such a noun exists. I will however list alternative meanings for said noun.
- I am also not listing the -te forms (der Erwischte) for someone who received or did the action, unless they are confusing.
- Adding a preposition/reflexive when relevant too
- For the sake of consistency, I am using this format: word = translation1/synonyme_translation1 or translation2/synonyme_translation2(clarification_translation2)
Extremely productive Verbs
fahren, führen
schließen
| Verb | Relatednouns |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schließen = to close | der Schluss = the conclusion, die Schließung= the closure (of shop or school) |
| der Schließer = guard, das Schloss = castle or lock, die Schlüssel = key, Schlosser = metalworker/locksmith | |
| ⚠️abschließen = to lock or conclude | der Abschluss = the graduation or completion |
| ⚠️aufschließen = to unlock (with a key) | der Aufschluss = information/insight |
| ⚠️ausschließen = to exclude/expel | der Ausschluss = exclusion |
| ⚠️anschließen = to connect (something) | der Anschluss = connection(physical or emotional) |
| ⚠️beschließen = to decide (as authority/formal) | der Beschluss = resolution/resolve |
| ⚠️einschließen= to include or lock in | |
| ⚠️erschließen = to develop(area) or | Erschließung |
| to make accessible(data/market) or to infer(logic) | |
| ⚠️entschließen sich ZU = to resolve oneself to | |
| ⚠️verschließen = to lock up/seal | |
| ⚠️zuschließen = to lock shut |
schlagen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schlagen=to hit | der Schlag=beat |
| ⚠️anschlagen=to hit or to post(notice) or to sound a note | Anschlag=notice/attempt/attack |
| ⚠️aufschlagen=to hit or setup(a tent) | Aufschlag=surcharge or opening strike |
| ⚠️einschlagen=to impact or to embark(on path) | Einschlag=impact(meteor/bullet) |
| ⚠️fehlschlagen=to fail | Fehlschlag=unsuccessful attempt |
| ⚠️abschlagen=to refuse or knock off or cut off | Abschlag=deduction(money) |
| ⚠️ausschlagen=to reject or to sprout or swing out | Auschlag=rash(on skin)/deviation(technical |
| ⚠️überschlagen=to estimate roughly or tumble | |
| ⚠️verschlagen=to displace/mislead | |
| ⚠️rückschlagen=to retaliate | Rückschlag=setback |
| ⚠️nachschlagen=to retaliate or to look up(info) | Nachschlag=follow up portion(or content) |
| ⚠️umschlagen=to change suddenly | Umschlag=envelope or turnover |
| ⚠️zuschlagen=to act quickly(opportunity) or to slam shut | Zuschlag=supplement/bonus |
| ⚠️vorschlagen=to suggest | Vorschlag=proposal |
schieben
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schieben=to shove | die Schub=thrust |
| ⚠️verschieben=to postpone(new date)or reshove (something) | Verschiebung=postponement |
| ⚠️aufschieben=to postpone(delay) | |
| ⚠️vorschieben=to push forward(time or physical) | Vorschub=the push-forward(advancement) |
| ⚠️abschieben=to deport or push away | Abschiebung=deportation |
| hinschieben=to push (in certain place),zuschieben=to push towards | |
| anschieben=to shove,einschieben=to insert(push in) |
treiben
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️treiben=to push in a direction* | |
| ⚠️antreiben=to propel/push forward | der Antrieb=propulsion/drive |
| ⚠️vertreiben=to distribute/expel | der Vertried=distribution or sales |
| ⚠️betreiben=to operate/run | der Betrieb=operation(business) or company |
| ⚠️eintreiben=to collect(debts) | |
| ⚠️übertreiben=to exaggerate | |
| ⚠️abtreiben=to drift away or abort(medical) |
*Note that this one has no direct translation in English, and that when doing a sport that implies movement we would also use treiben
setzen and sitzen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️setzen=to put or set(directional) | der Satz=sentences(grammar) or set(math/sport),Setzung=placement,gesetzt=fixed |
| ⚠️sitzen=to sit (fixed) | der Sitz=seat, die Sitzung=meeting,festsitzend=tight-fitting |
| ⚠️einsetzen=to insert or use or appoint | Einsatz=deployment or effort ,einsetzend=starting |
| ⚠️ersetzen=to replace | Ersatz=replacement |
| ⚠️aussetzen=to expose or suspend | Aussetzung=suspension/exposure, ausgesetzt=exposed |
| ⚠️zusetzen=to bother or add or pressure(figurative) | Zusetzung=stress/load |
| ⚠️absetzen=to take off/remove or sell | Absetzung=removal/dismissal , abgesetzt=discontinued |
| ⚠️versetzen=to transfer(jobs/school) or displace or distract | Versetzung=transfer(job/school) |
| ⚠️durchsetzen=to enforce | Durchsetzung=enforcement/assertion |
| ⚠️aufsetzen=to put on(hat/glasses)or to draft | Aufsatz=essay or add-on,Aufsetzung=attachment/draft,aufgesetzt=artificial/forced/applied |
| ⚠️umsetzen=to implement(plans) to convert(money/energy) to move | Umsetzung=implementation |
| ⚠️übersetzen=to translate | Übersetzung=translation |
| ⚠️nachsetzen=to pursue(someone) | |
| ⚠️vorsetzen=to serve(food) or something infront | |
| ⚠️voraussetzen=to require | Voraussetzung=requirement |
| ⚠️besetzen=to occupy(territory/seat/role) | Besetzung=occupation(role/territory) or casting/staffing(movie) |
| ⚠️absitzen=to dismount or serve a sentence(prison) | |
| ⚠️einsitzen=to serve time in prison | der Insassee=inmate or occupant |
| ⚠️aussitzen=to wait something out(decision) | |
| ⚠️herumsitzen=to sit around(doing nothing) |
legen and liegen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️legen=to let or lay(directional) | die Lage=situation,gelegentlich=occasional, Einlage=deposit,Niederlage=defeat/loss |
| ⚠️liegen=to lay(fixed) | |
| ⚠️ablegen=to discard or complete an exam | Ablage=filing/storage |
| ⚠️anlegen=to invest/create or put on | Anlage=installation(someting in a home ) or investment |
| ⚠️auflegen=to hang up(phone) or to apple(makeup/paint) | Auflage=edition or layer |
| ⚠️auslegen=to display/interpret | |
| ⚠️belegen=to cover(general) or to enroll(in course) or proof | der Beleg=proof/evidence,Belegung=occupancy/enrollment,belegt=occupied or proven |
| ⚠️darlegen=to present/explain(formally) | |
| ⚠️festlegen=to determine | festgelegt=fixed/determined |
| ⚠️nachlegen=to add more(fuel,etc) | |
| ⚠️überlegen=to consider | Überlegung=consideration/reflection, überlegt=deliberate/considered |
| ⚠️verlegen=to misplace or to reschedule or to publish | Verlegung=relocation/postponement,verlegt=misplaced or published or rescheduled,Verlagerung=relocation |
| ⚠️zerlegen=to dismantle/take apart | |
| ⚠️loslegen=to get started | |
| ⚠️zulegen=to gain(speed/progress) or put on | |
| ⚠️anliegen=to be pending | |
| ⚠️beiliegen=to be enclosed(in package) | Beilagen=enclosure or supplement |
| ⚠️unterliegen=to be subject to or to lose(competition) | Unterlage=document or base |
stellen and stehen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️stellen=to place(directional) | Stellung=position/stance/job |
| ⚠️stehen=to stand(fixed) | |
| ⚠️abstellen=to place down or switch off | Abstellung=turning off/putting down |
| ⚠️aufstellen=to set up or switch on | Aufstellung=setup/lineup/arrangement |
| ⚠️darstellen=to represent or portray | |
| ⚠️einstellen=to adjust or hire or stop | Einstellung=attitude or adjustment or hiring |
| ⚠️feststellen=to determine/ascertain | Feststellung=determination |
| ⚠️herstellen=to produce/manifacture | Herstellung=manifacturing |
| ⚠️überstellen=to transfer(people/things) | Gegenüberstellung=comparison/confrontation |
| ⚠️verstellen=to adjust or block or disguise | Verstellung,verstellt=adjusted or disguised |
| ⚠️anstellen=to employ/hire | Anstellung=employement/hiring |
| ⚠️vorstellen=to introduce or imagine(SICH) | |
| ⚠️zustellen=to deliver | Zustellung=delivery |
| ⚠️bestellen=to order(goods/services) | Bestellung=order(in purchase) |
| ⚠️umstellen=to relocate or surround | Umstellung=rearrangement or conversion |
| ⚠️abstehen=to stand out/protrude | |
| ⚠️anstehen=to queue/line up | anstehend=pending/upcoming |
| ⚠️aufstehen=to stand up(morning or from sitting) | |
| ⚠️bestehen=to exist or insist or pass(exam) | das Bestehen=existance or passing of exam |
| ⚠️entgegenstehen=to oppose | |
| ⚠️feststehen=to be certain/fixed | das Festehen=certainty |
| ⚠️herausstehen=to stick out | |
| ⚠️überstehen=to endure/survive | |
| ⚠️verstehen=to understand | Verständnis=understanding/comprehension |
| ⚠️vorstehen=to protrude or preside | |
| ⚠️zustehen=to be entitled to |
kommen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️kommen=to come | |
| ⚠️ankommen=to arrive or to depend on AUF | die Ankunft=arrival |
| mitkommnen,herkommen, zurückkommen,wegkommen,hinterherkommen | |
| ⚠️aufkommen=to arise/emerge or cover costs | |
| ⚠️auskommen=to get along with MIT or to get by(manage) | |
| ⚠️bekommen=to receive | |
| ⚠️verkommen=to degenerate(figurative) | |
| ⚠️entkommen=to escape | |
| ⚠️umkommen=to die(formal) | |
| ⚠️nachkommen=to meet obligations or follow later | |
| ⚠️dazukommen=to join later | |
| hineinkommen/hereinkommen=come in,rauskommen/herauskommen=come out | |
| ⚠️abkommen=to deviate(path/topic) | |
| ⚠️vorkommen=to come into existence | das Vorkommen=incidence/appearance or deposit(geology) |
| ⚠️vorankommen=to make progress | |
| ⚠️weiterkommen=to progress | |
| ⚠️klarkommen MIT=to manage/get by | |
| ⚠️zurechtkommen=to get along | |
| ⚠️mitbekommen=to notice | |
| ⚠️herzukommen=to go towards speaker | |
| ⚠️herausbekommen=to figure out or to get something out(stains,profit) | |
| ⚠️entgegenkommen=to accomodate to(someone) or to approach | |
| ⚠️davonkommen=to get away(unpunished,narrowly) | |
| OTHER | das Einkommen=income,Zukunft=future,zukünftig=future,vollkommen=complete(all-encompassing) |
sagen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️sagen=to say/tell | die Sage=myth/legend |
| ⚠️absagen=to cancel/decline | Absage=cancellation/rejection |
| ⚠️zusagen=to agree/accept or commit to | Zusage=acceptance/promise |
| ⚠️vorsagen=to coach(language learning) | |
| ⚠️ansagen=to announce | Ansage=Announcement |
| ⚠️nachsagen=to repeat after or gossip | |
| ⚠️versagen=to fail or to refuse | |
| ⚠️entsagen=to renounce | Entsagung=renunciation |
| ⚠️untersagen=to forbit/prohibit | |
| ⚠️vorhersagen=to forecast | Vorhersage=prediction |
nehmen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️nehmen=to take | |
| ⚠️teilnehmen AN=to participate | die Teilnahme=participation |
| ⚠️annehmen=to accept(gift or assumption) | Annahme=acceptance or assumption |
| ⚠️aufnehmen=to take up/record | |
| ⚠️ausnehmen=to take out/exempt | |
| ⚠️einnehmen=to take in(money/food) or claim | |
| ⚠️mitnehmen=to take along | |
| ⚠️wegnehmen=to take away | |
| ⚠️übernehmen=to take over (control) | Übernahme=takeover |
| ⚠️entnehmen=to take out/extract | Entnahme=extraction |
| ⚠️zurücknehmen=to take back/retract | |
| ⚠️abnehmen=to take away or lose weight | |
| ⚠️herausnehmen=to take out(outside) | Herausnahme=removal/extraction |
| ⚠️entgegennehmen=to accept(in a polite situation) | |
| ⚠️unternehmen=to action/do something | das Unternehmen=company |
| ⚠️benehmen=to behave SICH | das Benehmen=behavior |
| ⚠️zunehmen=to increase/grow or gain weight | Zunahme=growth/increase |
tragen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️tragen=to carry or wear | tragend=fundamental,der Träger |
| ⚠️antragen=to request(a document) | der Antrag=application/request |
| ⚠️vertragen=to tolerate(food or people/things) | der Vertrag=contract,Verträglichkeit=compatibility/tolerability |
| ⚠️betragen=to amount to or to behave(refl.) | der Betrag=amount |
| ⚠️beantragen=to apply for or propose | Beantragung=application process |
| ⚠️eintragen=to register for or fill in | Eintrag=entry/record |
| ⚠️übertragen=to delegate/transfer (a task) | |
| ⚠️vortragen=to recite (poem,presentation) | Vortrag=presentation/lecture |
| ⚠️forttragen=to carry away | |
| ⚠️beitragen=to contribute | der Beitrag=contribution |
| ⚠️ertragen=to endure/bear | der Ertrag=profit |
| ⚠️austragen=to deliver(things or a baby) or to settle(a conflict) | Austrag=settlement/delivery |
| ⚠️auftragen=to apply(cream,makeup) or comission (a task) | Auftrag=assignment/order |
| ⚠️nachtragen=to bear a grudge or add later | Nachtragung=addition/resentment |
| ⚠️abtragen=to wear down or demolish | Abtragung=demolition |
teilen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️teilen=to divide or share | der Teil=portion/part,das Teil=piece/component,Teilung=division/separation |
| ⚠️aufteilen=to divide among | |
| ⚠️abteilen=to section off/partition | Abteilung=department/section |
| ⚠️einteilen=to assign/schedule (organize) | Einteilung=classification/scheduling |
| ⚠️zuteilen=to allocate/assign (a specific part) | Zuteillung=allocation |
| ⚠️verteilen=to distribute/spread | Verteillung=distribution |
| ⚠️urteilen=to judge | Urteil=judgement(verdict) |
| ⚠️erteilen=to grant/issue | |
| ⚠️mitteilen=to inform/communicate | Mitteilung=message/communicate |
| ⚠️austeilen=to hand out/deal | Austeilung=distribution(materials/criticism) |
OTHER: die Anteilnahme=sympathy/condolence, der Anteil=share/portion
Somewhat productive verbs
hören und gehören
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️hören=to hear | der Hörsinn=sense of hearing,das Gehör=hearing or auditory sense |
| zuhören=to listen attentively,abhören=to eavesdrop,anhören=to listen to | das Gehören=the belonging |
| ⚠️aufhören=to cease/stop | das Gehören=the belonging |
| ⚠️überhören=to miss hearing/ignore(accidental or not) | das Gehören=the belonging |
| angehören=to be a member of | Angehörigkeit=membership/belongin to, Staatsangehörigkeit=nationality |
| zu/zuzu/dazu gehören=to be a part of a group | Zugehörigkeit=membership of group |
tauschen, täuschen, tauchen, vertuschen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️täuschen=to deceive | die Täuschung=illusion/deception |
| ⚠️entäuschen=to disappoint | |
| ⚠️tauschen=to swap/exchange | der Tausch=exchange/swap |
| austauschen=swap/exchange(following process) | |
| ⚠️abtauschen=trade off/exchange | der Auftaushc=trade-off/exchange |
| ⚠️umtauschen=exchange/return (goods) | |
| ⚠️tauchen=to dive | der Taucher=diver, Tauchgang=diving excursion |
| ⚠️auftauchen=to emerge | |
| ⚠️untertauchen=to go into hiding | |
| ⚠️eintauchen=to dip in/inmerse |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: vertuschen=to cover up/conceal, der Vertuschung=concealment
eignen, vereinen und vereinigen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️eignen = to be suitable | eigen=own, eigenständig=independent,Eigenschaft=characteristic,Eigenart=individual trait |
| Eignung=suitability,das Eigentum=property/ownership,Eigenheit=peculiarity | |
| das Eigene=one’s own | |
| ⚠️aneignen = to acquire | |
| ⚠️vereinen = to combine/unite (become one) | der Verein=association/club,Vereinbarung=agreement |
| ⚠️vereinigen SICH = to unify/merge(slightly more process-oriented) | Vereinigung=reunification |
| ⚠️einigen SICH = to come to an agreement | Einheit=unity |
zeichnen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️zeichnen=to draw | das Zeichen=sign/symbol or character(letter),Zeichnung=drawing |
| ⚠️bezeichnen=to label/indicate | Bezeichnung=designation/labeli or title/given name |
| ⚠️auszeichnen=to distinguish(honor) or label(with price) | Auszeichnung=award,ausgezeichnen=distinguished(honorable) |
| ⚠️kennzeichnen=to mark/label | das Kennzeichnen=indicator of/labeling/marking |
| ⚠️unterzeichnen=to sign | Unterzeichnung=signing(of a doc) |
| ⚠️verzeichnen=to record/register | Verzeichnis=directory/list |
| ⚠️abzeichnen=to copy(by hand) or become apparent | |
| ⚠️aufzeichnen=to record/write down | Aufzeichnung=recording/transcript/note |
| ⚠️einzeichnen=to mark in | Einzeichnung=insertion(of marks) |
| ⚠️nachzeichnen=to trace(redraw) | Nachzeichnung=tracing/redrawing |
finden
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️finden=to find | |
| ⚠️erfinden=to invent | Erfindung=invention |
| ⚠️empfinden=to feel/sense | Empfindung=sensation/feeling |
| ⚠️abfinden SICH=to come to terms with or compensate | Abfindung=severance pay/compensation |
| ⚠️befinden=to decide(publically on something) | das Befinden=the status/condition |
| wiederfinden,zurückfinden | |
| ⚠️vorfinden=to encounter | |
| ⚠️auffinden=to locate | |
| ⚠️befinden SICH=to be located at | |
| ⚠️stattfinden=to take place(event) |
lenken
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️lenken = to control/steer | Lenkung = Steering mechanism |
| ⚠️ablenken = to distract | Ablenkung |
| ⚠️umlenken = to redirect | Umlenkung |
| ⚠️auslenken = to deflect | Auslenkung |
achten
| Verb | Relatednouns |
|---|---|
| ⚠️achten= to pay attention(respect) | die Achtung=warning,das Gutachten=expert opinion |
| ⚠️beachten= to pay attention(notice) | Beachtung=attention/observance |
| ⚠️beobachten= to observe (watch closely) | |
| ⚠️missachten= to dissregard | Missachtung=disregard |
greifen
| Verb | Relatednouns |
|---|---|
| ⚠️greifen= to grasp/grab | der Griff=handle |
| ⚠️angreifen= to attack | der Angriff=attack |
| ⚠️aufgreifen= to take up(physical or metaphorical) | |
| ⚠️begreifen= to comprehend(grasp) | der Begriff=concept/term/idea |
| ⚠️ergreifen= to seize | |
| ⚠️zugreifen= to access(data/resources) | der Zugriff=access |
löschen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️löschen=to delete(files) or to extinguish(fire) | Löschung=deletion |
| ⚠️verlöschen=to fade | |
| ⚠️erlöschen=to expire/go out(fire/life) | Erlöschung=the expiration(rights/lights) |
| ⚠️auslöschen=to annihilate | Auslöschung=erradication |
wischen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️wischen = to wipe/mop | Wischbewegung= wiping motion |
| ⚠️erwischen = to catch (someone in the act of doing something) | |
| abwischen,aufwischen,auswischen, wegwischen | |
| verwischen = to blur |
schöpfen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schöpfen=to scoop | der Schöpfer=creator(God or artist), Schöpfung=creation,die Schöpfkelle=laddle |
| ⚠️ausschöpfen=to deplete (resources or possibilities,completely) | Ausschöpfung=full use/exploitation |
| ⚠️erschöpfen=to exhaust(resources or people) | Erschöpfung=exhaustion or fatigue |
wandeln
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️wandeln=to change(ongoing) | der Wandel=change |
| ⚠️verwandeln=to change(complete) | Verwandlung=transformation,der/die Verwandte=relative(family) |
| ⚠️abwandeln=to modify slightly(method/phrase) | Abwandlung=modification/variation |
| ⚠️umwandeln=to transform(material/energy) | Umwandlung=conversion/transformation |
EASY TO CONFUSE: Wand-related nouns: die Wand=wall(in a room), der Einwand=objection, das Gewand=robe,der Vorwand=pretext
schreien
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schreien=to scream | der Schrei=scream |
| anschreien,ausschreien | der Anschrei=scream(at someone) |
| ⚠️aufschreien=to scream suddenly | der Aufschrei=sream(sudden) |
schätzen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schätzen=to estimate | die Schätzung=estimation,der Schatz=treasure(also endearing term) |
| Wertschätzung=esteem,appreciation | |
| ⚠️abschätzen=to estimate(roughly) | |
| ⚠️verschätzen=missestimate | |
| überschätzen,unterschätzen |
basteln
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️basteln=to craft/tinker | die Bastelei=handcraft piece |
| herumbasteln,weiterbasteln,zusammenbasteln | |
| nachbasteln=to copy a craft |
werben
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️werben=to advertise | Werbung=advertisement, das Werbeprospekt=leaflet,werbend=promotional |
| das Wettbewerb=competition(group of competitors) | |
| ⚠️anwerben=to recruit(workforce) | Anwerbung=recruitment |
| ⚠️abwerben=to poach(employees) | Abwerbung=poaching |
| ⚠️bewerben=to promote/advertise or with SICH UM to apply for (work/uni) | Bewerbung=application(for work/uni) |
verzichten
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️verzichten AUF=to renounce | der Verzicht=renunciation,verzichtbar=dispensable,not necessary |
stufen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️einstufen=to categorize | Einstufung=classification/placement |
| ⚠️hochstufen=to upgrade | Hochstufung=upgrading |
| ⚠️herabstufen=to downgrade | Herabstufung=downgrading |
| ⚠️abstufen=to grade(into different stages) | Abstufung=gradation/differentiation |
| ⚠️zurückstufen=to demote | Rückstufung=demotion |
| OTHER | die Stufe=level/tier,Stufenplan=step-by-step plan,stufig=tiered/layered/stepped,mehrstufig=multilevel,einstufig=uni-level,abgestuft=layered |
SIMILAR: der Stoff=material
schlucken
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schlucken=to swallow | der Schluck=swallow/sip Schluckauf=hiccup |
| ⚠️verschlucken=to choke(while swallowing) | |
| herunterschlucken |
fangen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️fangen=to catch | der Fang=catch/capute |
| ⚠️anfangen=to start | Anfang=beginning |
| ⚠️empfangen=to receive(anything or anyone) | Empfang=reception/receiving |
| ⚠️auffangen=to catch(as in support someone) | |
| ⚠️einfangen=to capture | |
| ⚠️abfangen=to intercept |
nähern
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️nähern=to approach(SICH) | die Nähe=proximity,die Nahaufnahme=close-up foto |
| annähern=to approach at | Annäherung=approach/approximation/reconciliation |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: nähen=to sew,Näherei=sewing schop,ernähren=to feed(nourish)
rühren
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️rühren=to stir(liquid or emotional) | Rührung=emotion/being moved,die Rührschüssel=mixing bowl,rührend=touching(emotionally),rührselig=oversentimental |
| ⚠️berühren=to touch(physical or emotional) | Berührung=contact/touch ,unberührt=untouched |
| ⚠️anrühren=to touch(in context of negotiation) | |
| ⚠️verrühren=to stir together | |
| umrühren,aufrühren |
Almost-to-no productive verbs
beschäftigen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️beschäftigen sich MIT=to occupy oneself with | Beschäftigung=employment/activity |
| ⚠️beschäftigen =to employ (someone) |
schwinden
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schwinden=to fade/diminish | |
| ⚠️verschwinden=to disapper |
schützen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schützen=to protect | der Schutz=protection,die Schutzhülle=(protective)case,der Schützer=protector |
| der Schutzraum=shelter, die Schutzbrille=safety goggles,die Schützengräben=trenches | |
| ⚠️beschützen=to protect(people,more personal) |
kippeln
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️kippeln = to tilt | der Kipp=ciggarete |
| ⚠️umkippeln = to fall into the reverse position (180 degrees) | |
| ⚠️abkippeln = to unload |
schummeln
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schummel= to cheat |
meistern
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️meistern | der Meister=master |
kotzen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️kotzen=to vomit | die Kotze=vomit |
| ⚠️ankotzen=to disgust |
ereignen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️ereignen(mostly sich)=take place/happen | das Ereignis=event/incident,ereignisreich=eventful |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: das Ergebnis=outcome
lüften
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️lüften=to ventilate | die Luft=air |
| ⚠️belüften=ventilate(places) | Belüftung |
| ⚠️entlüften=vent(like radiators) | Entlüftung=ventilation/air release |
verwirren
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️verwirren=to confuse(someone, as in make confused) | Verwirrung=confusion,der Wirrwarr=chaos(informal) |
verursachen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️verursachen=to cause/produce | die Ursache=cause/reason,der Versursacher=causer,die Verursachung=causing,ursächlich=causal |
RELATED: die Sache=thing/matter/issue,Tatsache=fact(deed)
entfernen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️entfernen=to remove or distance | Entfernung=distance/removal,fern=far/distant |
vernichten
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️vernichten=to destroy | Vernichtung=destruction/annihilation, das Nichts=nothingness |
bereuen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️bereuen=to regret(deeply,personal) | die Reue=remorse |
SIMILAR to bedauern=to regret(some external fact)
dauern
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️dauern=to last(some time) | die Dauer=duration |
| ⚠️bedauern=to regret(some external fact) | |
| ⚠️ausdauern=to perservere | die Ausdauer=endurance/stamina |
SIMILAR bereuen=to regret(deeply,personal),verdauren=to digest
meiden
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️meiden=to avoid(passively) | |
| ⚠️vermeiden=to avoid(actively/prevent | Vermeiduing=avoidance |
leugnen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️leugnen=to deny | Leugnung=denial |
| ⚠️verleugnen=to repudiate/disown | Verleugnung=disowning,repudiation |
veröffentlichen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️veröffentlichen=to publish/make public | öffentlichen=public/official, Öffentlichkeit=general public,Veröffentlichung=release/publication |
schildern
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schildern=to depict/portray | das Schild=sign/shield |
| beschildern=to provide signs,auschildern=to mark with signs | Beschilderung,Auschilderung |
schwitzen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schwitzen=to sweat | der Schweiß=sweat |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: schweißen=to weld,Schweißer=welder
faulen and faulenzen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️faulenzen=to laze around | Faulheit=lazyness,der Faulenzer=lazy person |
| ⚠️verfaulen= to rot/decay | Verfaulung=rotting/decay |
| ⚠️faulen= to rot(technical) | faul=lazy/rotten |
dünsten, bügeln and föhnen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️dünsten=to steam | |
| ⚠️bügeln=to iron, ausbügeln=to iron out | das Bügeleisen=iron(tool for ironing),das Bügelbrett=ironing board |
| ⚠️föhnen=to blow dry(hair) | der Föhn(Haartrockner)=hairdryer |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: der Bügel=hanger(for shirts)
schweißen
| Verb | Related noun |
|---|---|
| ⚠️schweißen=to weld | der Schweißer=welder |
| ⚠️verschweißen=to weld/seal together (permanent) | |
| einschweißen,aufschweißen,zusammenschweißen |
EASY TO CONFUSE WITH: der Schweiß=sweat
Temporarily unclustered words
- lieb =kind (this adjective has the same comparative/superlative as gern)
- faul=lazy
- das Stimmungstief=depression(soft, not medical)
- der Zufall=coincidence
- der Wasserhahn=faucet(in a sink)
- sachlich=factually
- die Hitze=the heat
- bloß=mere/bare/naked
- schwindlig=dizzy
- stets=constantly
- ständig=constantly
- der Knopft=button
- die Tüte=bag
- im Großen und Ganzen=in general
- der Kofferraum=backpack area(cars)
- der Reife=tire
- gruselig=scary
- niedrig=low
- ursprunglich=originally(from origin)
- umgestürzt=turned over
- überflussig=superfluous
- die Ausgabe=the edition(2nd edition of book)
- benachteiligend=discriminated
- verantwortlich=responsible(the one held accountable)
- zuverlässig=reliable(responsible)
- der Dolmetscher=interpreter
- lebhafte=vivid(color,memory,or person)
- fristgerecht=at due date(timely)
- eilig=in a hurry
- dringend=urgent
- der Tatort=crime scene
- der Prinz=prince
- die Eule=owl
- die Laune=mood,übellaunig=bad-tempered
- übel=evil,schief=crooked,feig=coward
- fröhlich=cheerful,
- der Hut=hut
- die Pumps=high heels
- der Bart=beard
- der Schnurrbart=moustache
- unentscheiden=even(in a game score)
- umständlich=cumbersome
- der Umstand=fact/circumstance
- aufwendig=costly,aufwändig=complex,auswendig=parrotlike(known by heart)
- pflegeleicht=low-maintenance
- wetterfest=weatherproof
- gehäutet=skinned
- die Reihe=series of/bunch
- die Reihenfolge=the order/list
- Klugheit=smartness
- der Rahmen=frame
- die Gabel=fork,der Löffel=spoon,das Messer=knife
- knusprig=crispy
- die Feige=fig,die Heidelbeere=blueberry,Brombeere=blackberry
- der Baum=tree,die Wurzel=root,der Stamm=trunk,der Ast=branch,das Blatt=the leaf
- genervt=annoyed,nervig=annoying,nervös=nervous
- die Vergangenheit=past time,die Gegenwart=present time, die Zukunft=future time, vergangeng,gegenwärtig,zukünftig
- ehemalig=former,einmalig=uniquely
- fällig=due (in payments)
- kurzfristig=short-term
- geduldig=patient
- rein=pure(also short form of darein)
- auswärts=away
- flott=dashing(lively and casual), fade=bland
- farbenfroh=colourful
- gleichweis=likewise
- der Besitzer=owner
- der Mief=stench
- abgrundtief=profound/abysmal
Schemas, and oder verbfocused things
AUS (out) is usually the opposite of AN (on)/EIN (in) AUF (open) is the opposite of ZU (close)